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A
lease of immovable property from year to year, or for any term
exceeding one-year or reserving a yearly rent, can be made only
by a registered instrument.
All
other leases of immovable property may be made either by a registered
instrument or by oral agreement accompanied by delivery of possession.
Where
a lease of immovable property is made by a registered instrument,
such instrument binds both lessor and the lessee.
ESSENTIAL
ELEMENTS
The essential elements of a lease are as follows:
Parties- The parties to a lease are
the lessor and the lessee. The lessor is also called the landlord
and the lessee the tenant.
Subject matter of lease- The subject
matter of lease must be immovable property. The word "immovable
property" may not be only house, land but also benefits to arise
out of land, right to collect fruit of a garden, right to extract
coal or minerals, hats, rights of ferries, fisheries or market
dues. The contract for right for grazing is not lease. A mining
lease is lease and not a sale of minerals.
Duration of lease- The right to enjoy
the property must be transferred for a certain time, express
or implied or in perpetuity. The lease should commence either
in the present or on some date in future or on the happening
of some contingency, which is bound to happen. Though the lease
can commence from a past day, but that is for the purpose of
computation of lease period, as the interest of the lessee begins
from the date of execution. No interest passes to the lessee
before execution. In India, the lease may be in perpetuity.
Consideration- The consideration for
lease is either premium or rent, which is the price paid or
promised in consideration of the demise. The premium is the
consideration paid of being let in possession, such as Salami,
even if it is to be paid in installments.
Sub-lease- A lessee can transfer the
whole or any part of his interest in the property by sub-lease.
However, this right is subject to the contract to the contrary
and he can be restrained by the contract from transferring his
lease by sub-letting. The lessee can create sub-leases for different
parts of the demised premises. The sub-lessee gets the rights,
subject to the covenants, terms and conditions in the lease
deed.
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